HRHG  HIGHER 
H|B  EDUCATIONAL 
Htt  WORK  of  THE 
AMERICAN  BOARD 


i\ew  administration  building  of  the  American  College ,  Madura.  South  India 


THE 

HIGHER  EDUCATIONAL  WORK 
OE  THE  AMERICAN 

BOARD 


A  STATEMENT  OF 
ITS  BASIS,  SCOPE,  OPPORTUNITY 

AND  NEED 


By  JAMES  L.  BARTON 

FOREIGN  SECRETARY 


PRINTED  FOR  PRIVATE  CIRCULATION  BY  THE 

AMERICAN  BOARD  OF  COMMISSIONERS  FOR 

FOREIGN  MISSIONS 

U  BEACON  STREET,  BOSTON,  MASS. 


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Cl )t  American  BSoarti  of  Commissioners 

for  ^foreign  JHissions 

Headquarters 

Congregational  House,  14  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

General  (Officers 

President  Vice-President 

SAMUEL  B.  CAPEN,  LL.D.  EDWARD  D.  EATON,  D.D. 

Recording  Secretary  Assistant  Recording  Secretary 

HENRY  A.  STIMSON,  D.D.  EDWARD  N.  PACKARD,  D.D. 

Auditors 

WILLIAM  B.  PLUNKETT  HERBERT  J.  WELLS 


EDWIN  H.  BAKER 


gtomimstrattoe  Officers 


Prudential  Committee 

PRESIDENT  and  VICE-PRESIDENT  ex  oficiis 


Term  expires  1913 

HERBERT  A.  WILDER 
REV.  EDWARD  M.  NOYES 
EDWARD  C.  MOORE,  D.D. 
REV.  GEORGE  A.  HALL 


Term  expires  1914 

HON.  ARTHUR  H.  WELLMAN 
HENRY  HARRISON  PROCTOR 
LUCIUS  H.  THAYER,  D.D. 
REV.  WILLARD  L.  SPERRY 


Term  expires  1915 

ARTHUR  PERRY 
JOHN  C.  BERRY,  M.D. 

RAYMOND  CALKINS,  D.D. 

*HON.  JAMES  LOGAN 

Cxecuttoe  ©fftcerg 

SECRETARIES  FOR  CORRESPONDENCE 

JAMES  L.  BARTON,  D.D.  CORNELIUS  H.  PATTON,  D.D. 

EDWARD  LINCOLN  SMITH,  D.D. 

Treasurer 

FRANK  H.  WIGGIN 

Editorial  Secretaries 

E.  E.  STRONG,  D.D.,  Emeritus 
WILLIAM  E.  STRONG,  D.D. 


Associate  Secretaries 

REV.  ENOCH  F.  BELL 
REV.  D.  BREWER  EDDY 


DISTRICT  SECRETARIES 

New  England  District  Interior  District 

SECRETARY  PATTON  in  charge  A.  N.  HITCHCOCK,  D.D. 

14  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Mass.  19  So.  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 


Middle  District 

SECRETARY  SMITH  in  charge 

4th  Ave.  and  22d  St.,  New  York 


Pacific  Coast  District 
H.  MELVILLE  TENNEY,  D.D. 

Mechanics  Bank  Building,  San  Francisco,  Cal . 


*  Resigned 


Publishing  and  Purchasing  Agent 
JOHN  G.  HOSMER 

14  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 


anoman’s  'Board  of  jflfUsslonsi,  Boston 

Headquarters 

Congregational  House,  14  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Mass. 

President 

MRS.  CHARLES  H.  DANIELS 

Foreign  Secretary 

MISS  KATE  G.  LAMSON 

Home  Secretary  Editorial  Secretary 

MISS  HELEN  B.  CALDER  MISS  ALICE  M.  KYLE 

Secretary  of  Young  People’s  Work 
MISS  MARY  PRESTON 

Treasurer  Assistant  Treasurer 

MISS  SARAH  LOUISE  DAY  MISS  S.  EMMA  KEITH 


* 


I2I oman’g  Board  of  jtttsstotts  of  tip  interior 

Headquarters 

19  So.  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago,  Ill. 

President  Secretary 

MRS.  GEORGE  M.  CLARK  MISS  M.  D.  WINGATE 

Treasurer 

MRS.  S.  E.  HURLBUT 

1454  Asbury  Avenue,  Evanston,  Ill. 


* 

anomait's  Board  of  ^missions  for  ttjc  pacific 

President  Home  Secretary 

MRS.  R.  B.  CHERINGTON  MRS.  H.  M.  TENNEY 

Portersville,  Cal.  37  Mesa  Ave.,  Piedmont,  Cal. 

Acting  Treasurer 

MRS.  W.  W.  FERRIER 

2716  Hillegass  Ave.,  Berkeley,  Cal. 


Sub-Committee  of  the  Prudential  Committee  upon  the  Higher 
Educational  Work  of  the  American  Board 

EDWARD  C.  MOORE,  Chairman 
ARTHUR  PERRY 
GEORGE  A.  HALL 
RAYMOND  CALKINS 
JAMES  L.  BARTON 
ENOCH  F.  BELL,  Clerk 


EDUCATION  AND  MISSIONS 


HE  last  century  of  foreign  missions  has  estab¬ 
lished  modern  schools  and  the  principles  of 
Western  education  in  the  East  and  in  Africa. 
There  are  today  between  three  and  four  mil¬ 
lions  of  the  bright  youth  of  these  countries 
studying  in  Christian  mission  schools.  ManJ 
of  these  institutions  have  already  achieved  an  international 
reputation  and  hold  leading  positions  in  the  educational  sys¬ 
tems  of  the  countries  in  which  they  are  located. 


MISSIONARY  EDUCATION 

The  missionaries  sent  out  at  the  beginning  of  the  last  century 
were  college  trained  men.  They  were  the  product  of  countries 
in  which  education  was  held  in  high  honor.  Straightway  they 
saw,  by  an  inevitable  logic,  that  if  Christianity  was  to  be  per¬ 
manently  planted  among  the  Asiatic  and  African  races,  Chris¬ 
tian  education  must  be  established  and  fostered.  They  saw 
that  the  Christian  community  must  be  made  more  intelligent 
than  the  pagan  society  from  which  it  emerged,  and  that  it  must 
provide  native  leaders  to  become  the  real  and  direct  evangel- 
izers  of  their  own  peoples.  Not  one  believed  that  education 
was  Christianity  or  could  supersede  Christianity;  but  all  were 
convinced  that  sound  learning  was  one  of  the  most  powerful 
allies  known  to  the  Christian  church.  For  this  reason  the  church 
and  the  schoolhouse  have  appeared  side  by  side  throughout  the 
East,  wherever  the  modern  missionary  has  established  himself. 

POLICY  OF  THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 

While  conservatively  cautious  in  pushing  educational  work, 
there  is  probably  no  missionary  society  that  has  sent  out  as 
missionaries  better  educated  men  and  women  than  has  the 
American  Board;  or  that  has  more  justly  appreciated  the  per¬ 
manent  worth,  as  an  evangelizing  and  civilizing  force,  of  the 

[7] 


school  in  all  its  grades,  beginning  with  the  kindergarten  and 
terminating  in  the  normal  school,  the  college,  and  the  theo¬ 
logical  seminary.  These  higher  departments  have  grown  as 
naturally  and  systematically  out  of  the  policy  and  methods  of 
work  adopted  as  the  oak  becomes  the  finished  product  of  the 
planted  and  nurtured  acorn.  There  could  have  been  no  other 
rational  result  from  the  labors  of  educated  founders,  who  be¬ 
lieved  that  from  among  the  people  themselves  must  be  devel¬ 
oped  those  who  should  be  their  leaders  in  everything  that 
elevates,  civilizes  and  Christianizes. 


CLASSES  OF  SCHOOLS 

Missionary  kindergartens,  primary  and  village  schools,  acad¬ 
emies  and  boarding  schools  are  to  be  found  in  large  numbers 
in  all  countries  where  the  missions  of  the  American  Board 
have  been  planted.  Closely  affiliated  with  these,  and  an  inte¬ 
gral  part  of  them  in  most  of  the  countries,  are  industrial  schools 
or  departments  for  making  the  education  given  the  most  prac¬ 
tical  one  possible.  For  about  fifty  years  these  were  the  only 
schools  maintained,  apart  from  training  schools  for  fitting 


young  men  for  the  gospel 


Principal  of  North  China  Union 
College  for  Women ,  Peking 


ministry. 

It  was  inevitable  that  there  should 
be  growth.  When  the  East  was 
calling  for  educated  leaders  and  the 
young  men  and  women  of  those 
countries  were  on  fire  with  a  desire 
to  enter  into  the  new  life  of  the 
times,  and  especially  when  parents 
were  eager  to  give  their  children 
the  manifest  advantages  a  modern 
Christian  education  would  afford, 
it  was  impossible  to  prevent  the 
advance  of  academies  and  high 
schools  into  colleges  whose  courses 
of  instruction  should  provide  an 
adequate  higher  training  for  the 
countries  in  which  they  were  lo¬ 
cated.  The  mission  college  emerged 
from  a  half  century  of  preparation 
and  in  response  to  a  manifest  local 
demand. 

[8] 


RELATIONS  TO  NATIVE  LEADERSHIP 

The  fundamental  policy  of  the  Board,  in  the  organization 
and  conduct  of  its  operations  in  all  countries,  is  the  creation 
of  a  native  leadership  and  the  placing  of  responsibility  upon 
the  native  leaders  as  rapidly  as  they  are  able  to  bear  it.  This 
policy  carried  out  in  Japan  has  produced  over  one  hundred 
J  apanese  Kumi-ai  churches,  now  under  the  direction 
of  Christian  Japanese  and  independent  of  mission 
financial  aid.  Without  well-educated  J  apanese  lead¬ 
ers  such  a  result  would  have  been  impossible. 

In  every  mission  of  the  Board  there  are 
already  many  churches,  schools,  and  different 
phases  of  Christian  work  carried  on  by  trained 
natives.  At  the  beginning,  all  this  effort  was 
under  the  care  and  direction  of  the  mission¬ 
aries  themselves.  No  other  method  was  possi¬ 
ble.  As  soon  as  properly  trained  Christian 
natives  coidd  be  reared,  responsibilities  were 
passed  over  to  them.  It  early  became  appar¬ 
ent  to  the  missionaries  and  to  mission  boards 
that  their  most  permanently  efficient  work 
lay  along  the  line  of  training  the  men  and 
women  who  should  be  capable  of  bearing 
responsibilities. 

EDUCATED  LEADERS  AND  SELF-SUPPORT 

Native  churches  are  ready,  so  far  as  able,  to  assume  the  salary 
of  their  own  pastors  and  to  support  their  own  teachers  in  the 
schools  in  which  their  children  study.  No  pastor  of  a  native 
church  in  the  Madura,  Natal,  and  Japan  Missions  receives  any 
salary  from  the  American  Board.  In  many  other  missions  the 
people  pay  the  salary  of  their  pastors  in  part  or  in  full.  In 
no  case  would  they  support  the  missionary,  even  were  he  their 
pastor.  The  self-support  of  the  native  churches  and  schools 
demands  that  natives  be  trained  to  be  pastors,  teachers  and 
leaders. 

EDUCATION  in  NATIVE  LAND  most  ECONOMICAL 

To  bring  a  young  man  from  an  Asiatic  country  and  educate 
him  here,  giving  him  a  collegiate  and  theological  course,  costs 
about  as  much  as  it  would  in  his  own  country  to  give  practi- 

[9] 


One  of  the  Faculty  in  the 
A  merican  College,  Madura 


cally  the  same  course  to  himself  and  to  eight  other  young  men. 
Moreover,  these  nine  home-trained  men  would  probably  render 
more  than  nine  times  the  actual  service  to  their  people  in  the 
way  of  Christian  leadership  than  would  the  one  American- 
trained  student. 


Professor  Ding  and  his  Theological  Class  at  Foochow 


AMERICAN  BOARD  COLLEGES 

As  a  direct  outgrowth  of  its  educational  operations  abroad 
and  under  the  spur  of  the  policy  just  stated,  there  have  already 
come  into  existence  in  the  countries  where  the  American  Board 
is  at  work  some  nineteen  colleges  and  fourteen  theological 
training  schools  or  classes,  while  there  are  at  least  three  other 
high  and  training  schools  for  boys  and  almost  as  many  for 
girls,  that  are  seeking  recognition  as  colleges. 

The  Colleges  and  Theological  Schools  of  the  American  Board 
are  widely  scattered  over  the  Orient.  They  are  here  named  in 
groups  according  to  their  respective  countries,  with  a  few  out¬ 
standing  facts  in  regard  to  each  one. 

[10] 


COLLEGES 

AND  THEOLOGICAL  SCHOOLS 


BULGARIA 

The  Collegiate  and  Theological  Institute ,  Samokov,  Bulgaria 

Located  15  miles  from  the  capital,  in  a  healthful  city  devoted 
to  education.  The  only  evangelical  training  school  for  young 
men  in  Bulgaria.  Established  1860.  Course  of  study  covers 
eight  years,  the  last  year  being  purely  theological.  Has  78 
pupils  and  12  teachers.  Students  mostly  Bulgarian. 

Theological  School,  Samokov,  Bulgaria 

This  constitutes  the  last  and  highest  class  in  the  Collegiate 
and  Theological  Institute.  Students  taking  this  course  are 
expected  to  enter  the  Christian  ministry. 


Collegiate  and 
Theological  Institute 
Samokov 


The  only  evangelical  school  for  hoys  and  young  men  in  Bulgaria 


TURKEY 

International  College,  Smyrna, 

Youngest  of  the  mission  colleges  in  Turkey.  Established 
1891.  Enrollment,  340  young  men,  of  whom  220  are  in  the 
college  department.  Teachers,  24.  The  Greeks  predominate, 
although  there  are  Armenian,  Turkish,  Albanian,  Jewish,  and 

[n] 


other  races  numbered  among  the  student  body.  A  new  and 
commanding  site  has  been  purchased  for  the  college,  which 
has  outgrown  the  old  one,  and  funds  are  in  hand  to  erect  new 
and  commodious  buildings.  Incorporated  in  Massachusetts. 

A  meric  (m  Collegiate  Institute  for  Girls ,  Smyrna 

306  students,  of  whom  120  are  in  the  collegiate  department. 
Of  the  students,  141  are  Armenian,  108  Greek,  and  the  rest 
Turkish,  Jewish,  etc.  18  teachers,  besides  the  missionaries. 

Anatolia  College ,  Marsovan 

Two  days’  journey  inland  from  Samsoun,  upon  the  southern 
shore  of  the  Black  Sea.  Established  1886.  Enrollment,  270 
young  men,  of  whom  72  are  in  the  college  department.  23 
teachers.  The  students  are  Greeks,  Armenians,  Russians,  Per¬ 
sians,  Turks,  Jews,  etc.  The  college  occupies  a  large  site  on  the 
edge  of  the  important  city  of  Marsovan,  and  is  now  erecting 
new  buildings  necessary  to  accommodate  its  rapidly  increasing 
membership.  Incorporated  in  Massachusetts. 


On  the 
Football 
Field 


A  mingling  of  races  at  sport  as  in  study ,  Central  Turkey  College ,  Aintab 
Western  Turkey  Theological  Seminary ,  Marsovan 

For  the  training  of  pastors,  evangelists,  and  preachers  for 
the  western  part  of  the  Turkish  empire.  It  is  connected  with 
Anatolia  College. 

Euphrates  College ,  Harpoot 

Fifteen  days’  journey  from  Samsoun,  or  fourteen  from 
Alexandretta  upon  the  Mediterranean,  in  the  Euphrates  valley 

[  12  ] 


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in  the  highlands  of  Armenia.  For  both  boys  and  girls.  Estab¬ 
lished  1878.  Teachers,  42.  802  students,  of  whom  209  are  in 
the  college  grades,  84  being  girls.  Its  pupils  are  mostly  Arme¬ 
nians.  Incorporated  in  Massachusetts. 

Eastern  Turkey  Theological  Seminary ,  Harpoot 

For  training  pastors,  evangelists,  and  preachers  for  the 
Eastern  Turkey  Mission. 

Central  Turkey  College  for  Boys ,  A  intab 

Four  days  by  caravan  from  Alexandretta  upon  the  Mediter¬ 
ranean.  Founded  1876.  179  students,  with  20  teachers.  The 
students  are  Armenians,  Syrians,  and  Turks.  The  native  lan¬ 
guage  is  Turkish.  Incorporated  in  Massachusetts. 

St.  Paul’s  Institute ,  Tarsus 

In  the  native  city  of  the  Apostle  Paul.  Founded  1888. 
Teachers,  16.  254  students  (young  men),  of  whom  82  are  in 
the  college  department. 


Central  Turkey 
College  for 
Girls 
Mar  ash 


Opening  a  door  of  vision  and  of  new  life  to  the  womanhood  of  a  wide  and  dreary  land 

Central  Turkey  College  for  Girls ,  Marash 

Five  days  northeast  from  Mersinetipon  the  Mediterranean. 
Founded  1882.  Teachers,  9.  185  students,  83  of  whom  are  in 
the  college  department.  More  than  one-ninth  are  Moslems 
and  nearly  all  the  rest  are  Armenians.  The  only  college  for 
girls  for  a  population  numbering  many  millions. 

[14]  ! 


Central  Turkey  Theological  Seminary ,  Mar  ash 

Three  years’  course,  only  college  graduates  admitted.  For 
training  pastors  and  preachers  for  the  Central  Turkey  Mission. 

Mardin  Theological  Seminary ,  Mardin 

In  the  northern  part  of  Mesopotamia.  The  language  of  this 
school  is  Arabic  and  the  graduates  work  in  Mesopotamia, 
Arabia,  Syria,  and  Egypt. 

INDIA 

Ahmednagar  Theological  Seminary ,  Ahmednagar 

150  miles  inland  from  Bombay  upon  the  highlands  of  the 
Deccan.  Trains  preachers  for  the  Marathi-speaking  districts 
of  India. 

The  American  College ,  Madura ,  in  the  Madras  Presidency 

Founded  as  a  college  1881.  Teachers,  75.  695  students 

(young  men),  of  whom  73  are  in  the  college  courses.  Another 
preparatory  department  and  normal  school  at  Pasumalai, 
three  miles  away,  has  nearly  as  many  pupils.  The  college  is 
affiliated  with  the  Madras  University,  and  is  incorporated 
under  the  laws  of  New  York  State. 

Pasumalai  Theological  Seminary ,  near  Madura 

Trains  for  the  ministry  in  the  Tamil-speaking  portions  of 
India;  the  training  school  for  the  Madura  Mission. 

Bangalore  Theological  Seminary ,  Bangalore 

An  interdenominational  seminary  supported  by  five  differ¬ 
ent  missionary  societies,  aiming  to  train  only  college  men  for 
the  Christian  ministry  in  all  India  and  Ceylon. 

CEYLON 

Jaffna  College  (boys),  Jaffna ,  Ceylon 

Located  in  the  Jaffna  peninsula,  upon  the  northern  end  of 
the  island.  136  students  from  21  high  schools.  Incorporated 
in  Massachusetts  and  in  Ceylon. 

CHINA 

Foochow  College  for  Boys ,  Foochow ,  China 

Thirty  miles  up  the  river  Min,  at  the  capital  of  the  Fukien 
Province.  280  students,  with  23  teachers.  Confers  academic 
degrees.  Incorporated  in  Massachusetts. 

[15] 


A  PAGE  OF  COLLEGE  PRESIDENTS 


Rev.  William  M.  Zumbro 
American  College ,  Madura,  India 


Rev.  Howard  S.  Galt 
North  China  (Union)  College 
Peking 


Rev.  John  E.  Merrill,  Pli.I). 
Central  Turkey  College ,  Aintab 


Miss  Elsie  M.  Garretson 
Foochow  Girls'  College 


Thomas  I).  Christie,  I).  I). 
St.  Paid's  Institute ,  Tarsus 
Turkey 


John  P.  Jones,  T).(D. 
Theological  Seminary 
Pasumalai,  India 


Alexander  MacLachlan,  1).  1). 
International  College 
Smyrna,  Turkey 


Charles  C.  Tracy,  T).D. 
Anatolia  College 
Marsovan,  Turkey 


Foochow  Girl College ,  Ponasang ,  Foochow 

121  students,  of  whom  23  are  in  college  grade.  16  teachers. 
Ponasang  is  a  populous  suburb  of  Foochow,  outside  the  walls. 

Foochow  Theological  Seminary ,  Foochow 

A  union  seminary  for  training  men  for  the  Christian  minis¬ 
try  in  the  large  area  in  which  the  Foochow  dialect  is  spoken, 
and  for  three  missions. 

Shaowu  Theological  School ,  Shaowu 

250  miles  up  the  Min  River  from  Foochow.  For  training 
men  for  the  Christian  ministry  in  Shaowu  dialect-speaking 
districts. 

North  China  Union  College  for  Boys ,  Tungchow 

Twelve  miles  from  Peking.  Teachers,  14.  142  students, 
of  whom  88  are  in  college  work.  Supported  by  three  missions. 

North  China  Union  Medical  College  for  Men ,  Peking 

115  students.  A  five  years’  course.  Supported  by  six  or 
seven  societies  and  missions  and  recognized  by  the  Chinese 
government. 

North  China  Union  Medical  College  for  Women ,  Peking 

Recently  established. 

[17] 


North  China  Union  Women's  College  and  Bridgman  Academy ,  Peking 

105  students,  12  in  the  college  department.  Students  come 
from  eight  different  missions  and  from  as  many  provinces  and 
from  Korea. 

North  China  Union  Theological  College,  [Peking 

Supported  and  taught  by  three  missions.  Prepares  students 
for  the  Christian  ministry  in  three  denominations  in  North 
China. 


The i  Women's  College  and  Teachers'  Residence,  Peking 

JAPAN 

The  Doshisha,  Kyoto 

Founded  1875.  For  both  boys  and  girls.  Teachers,  62. 
967  students  in  all  departments;  80  in  college  and  159  in  the 
girls’  department.  Controlled  by  a  board  of  trustees  in  Japan. 
Trains  men  and  women  for  all  walks  of  life  in  the  empire. 

Doshisha  Theological  Seminary,  Kyoto 

Trains  men  for  the  Christian  ministry  in  all  parts  of  the 
country  and  for  the  Japanese  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Kobe  College  for  Girls,  Kobe 

Founded  1875.  The  highest  grade  Christian  school  for 
girls  in  Japan.  Teachers,  17.  215  students,  18  in  the  college 
department. 

[  18] 


Entrance  to  Kobe  College  for  Girls,  Japan 


1 ,  Chapel. 


The  Doshisha 


2,  Science  Building. 


3.  Theological  Building 


The 
Cabinet 
Making  Class 
Amanzimtoti 
South  Africa 


Three  hours  a  day  of  manual  labor  are  required  of  each  boy  at  Amanzimtoti ;  of  this  time,  ten 
hours  a  week  are  spent  in  shop  work  or  actual  farm  instruction,  the  balance  being  devoted  to  the 
upkeep  of  the  premises 

AFRICA 

Amanzimtoti  Seminary  and  Normal  School  for  Boys ,  Amanzimtoti 

Teachers,  6.  134  students.  Prepares  for  the  Theological 
Seminary  and  for  positions  as  teachers.  Supported  and  con¬ 
trolled  by  the  United  Free  Church  of  Scotland  and  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Board. 

Union  Theological  College ,  Impolweni ,  Natal 

Supported  and  controlled  by  the  United  Free  Church  of 

Scotland  and  the  American  Board.  It  trains  men  for  the 

Christian  ministry  in  South  Africa. 

•/ 


MEXICO 

Coleg  io  Internacional ,  Guadalajara 

Located  in  the  capital  of  Jalisco,  the  second  largest  city 
in  Mexico.  Teachers,  3.  50  pupils.  A  training  school  for 
young  men,  with  theological,  preparatory,  and  commercial 
departments.  Students  come  from  all  parts  of  the  Republic 
and  are  prepared  for  Christian  service  for  the  entire  country. 


[  20  1 


SUMMARY 


T  TENT  I  ON  is  called  to  the  fact  that  of  the 
thirty-three  institutions  named  above,  nineteen 
are  collegiate  and  fourteen  theological.  Five 
are  for  girls  alone  and  one  is  for  both,  hut  in 
entirely  separate  departments.  As  to  coun¬ 
tries:  two  are  in  Bulgaria,  eleven  in  Turkey, 
nine  in  China,  five  in  India  and  Ceylon,  three  in  Japan,  two 
in  Africa,  and  one  in  Mexico.  The  largest  number  are  in  those 
two  great  countries  now  undergoing  fundamental  constitu¬ 
tional  changes,  namely,  Turkey  and  China. 

Besides  those  institutions  before 
named,  Robert  College  and  the 
American  College  for  Girls  at  Con¬ 
stantinople  and  the  Syrian  Protes¬ 
tant  College  at  Beirut  were  the  direct 
outgrowth  of  the  work  of  missions, 
the  two  last  named  colleges  having 
been  established  by  the  American 
Board.  Two  other  high  schools,  the 
one  at  Mardin  in  Mesopotamia  and 
the  other  at  Van,  near  the  Persian 
border  upon  the  east,  are  knocking 
hard  at  the  college  door  for  admis¬ 
sion.  The  Academy  of  the  Shansi 
Memorial  Association  at  Taiku, 

Shansi,  a  part  of  the  mission  work, 
contemplates  early  advance  to  the 
dignity  of  a  college. 

All  these  colleges,  with  their  preparatory  departments, 
have  over  7,000  students  under  instruction,  and  the  theolog¬ 
ical  schools  178  young  men  in  preparation  for  the  Christian 
ministry.  These  students  are  from  every  rank  of  society,  with 
a  large  and  increasing  proportion  from  the  higher  and  official 
classes.  Few  if  any  are  graduated  without  positions  of  influ¬ 
ence  and  responsibility  awaiting  them. 


President  Emeritus  of  the  North 
China  Union  College ,  Tungcliow, 
and  Prof  ess  or  of  Political  Science 


Devello  Z. 
Sheffield.  D.  L). 


[21  ] 


LANGUAGES  USED 


Permit 
of  Euphrates 
Collage 
Press 


Issued  by  the  Reform  Government  of 
Turkey  in  1908 


The  languages  used  by  the 
students  trained  in  these  higher 
educational  institutions,  and 
which  they  will  use  in  their 
later  life  and  through  which  they 
will  influence  the  world,  include 
Bulgarian,  Turkish,  Armenian, 
Greek,  Arabic,  Marathi,  Tamil, 
Mandarin,  Foochow  and  Shaowu 
dialects,  Japanese,  Zulu,  and 
Spanish — the  languages  used  by 
more  than  one-half  the  entire 
non-Christian  populations  of  the 
world.  The  classical  languages 
of  the  spoken  vernaculars  are 
taught  to  many,  while  it  is  re¬ 
quired  that  all  students  shall 
learn  to  read  and  write  English. 


SOURCE  OF  MINISTERS  AND  TEACHERS 
Of  the  5,000  native  Christian  workers  in  our  twenty  mis¬ 
sions,  nearly  all  were  trained  in  one  or  more  of  these  schools. 
Many  who  are  doing  conspicuous  Christian  service  in  other 
missions  and  in  government  positions,  or  as  independent  lead¬ 
ers,  came  from  these  same  institutions.  Without  these  trained 
workers  our  missions  could  not  be  continued.  In  addition,  a 
vast  number  of  Christian  leaders  in  various  professions  and 
trades  owe  their  powers  of  Christian  leadership  to  these 
colleges. 

SOME  SIGNIFICANT  FACTS 
Mission  schools  Introduced  Modern  Education  into 
Africa  and  the  East. 

They  have  trained  the  Men  and  Women  who  are  Exert¬ 
ing  Dominant  Influence  today  in  social,  national,  moral, 
and  religious  reforms. 

The  colleges  here  named  have  a  long  and  Well-established 
Record. 

[  22  ] 


They  are  Strategically  Located  in  the  great  centers  of 
population  and  influence. 

They  have  the  Approval  and  Support  of  all  classes  of 
natives  in  the  lands  where  located. 

From  one-half  to  five-sixths  of  their  expenses  are  met  from 
Local  and  Independent  Sources. 

They  are  providing  the  teachers  who  are  to 
Instruct  the  New  East  in  modern  ways 
of  thinking  and  living. 

Many  of  the  college  Plants  Are  Large 
and  Commanding,  the  best  institutions  of 
their  kind  in  the  country. 

All  are  Crowded  with  Eager  Students 
from  the  best  classes,  and  many  are  con¬ 
stantly  refusing  to  admit  others  for  the  want 
of  accommodations. 

There  is  Hardly  Any  Limit  to  the 
Influence  these  schools  might  exert  were 
they  properly  equipped  and  supported. 

The  Christian  Church  in  the  East  is 
Absolutely  Dependent  upon  these  institu¬ 
tions  for  its  leadership  and  supremacy. 

For  the  erection  of  buildings  and  for  the 
support  of  these  colleges  and  seminaries, 
the  same  amount  of  money  will  Accomplish 
from  Five  to  Ten  Times  as  Much  as  in  the  United  States. 

Through  these  American  Christian  institutions  we  can  put 
the  stamp  of  our  best  civilization  upon  the  thought  and  life 
of  the  East,  and  so  insure  the  Permanency  of  the  New 
Order  that  is  emerging  and  guarantee  the  permanent  Peace 
of  the  Nations. 

WORTHY  SUPPORT 

Hitherto,  all  these  theological  schools  and,  with  only  a  few 
partial  exceptions,  all  the  colleges  have  depended  for  their 
support  from  America  upon  an  annual  appropriation  from 
the  treasury  of  the  Board.  This  method  was  wise  and  satis¬ 
factory  in  their  earlier  and  somewhat  experimental  days;  now 
that  they  have  become  thoroughly  established  and  the  perma¬ 
nent  value  and  supreme  significance  of  their  work  have  been 
demonstrated,  other  provision  must  be  made  for  them. 

[  23  ] 


l  Uprising 
i>i 

China 


INFLUENCE  OVER 
RACES,  NATIONS,  AND  RELIGIONS 


ua<W8hL  mm  shsim 
bh  mumiru 

GJJkl’UtiU 

,  '» 


it  ML °t> 


Ui  Uf—i  ^  ' 

«»!<> 


/j 

( I 


i«0  (.«"<* 

WWW 

fHNJU>UM  MJW, 

WMC 

ttJWH.  MWWi; 
pim-MUi,  i  tui-c 
KDbl'bf 


*'*/  ■<>  •  ttmni-wn, 
*t*t-  <f-  »  /trt>t>na>- 
■>•  ■  vmw itau 
.  4-m*  >.  ■  »«*<> 
<W*  «• 


owns  smu%n. 


The  periodical  published  at  Euphrates  College , 
Harpoot ,  Turkey;  edited  by  the  Faculty,  sup¬ 
ported  by  the  Alumni,  and  spreading  the  in¬ 
fluences  of  the  college  arid  of  Christian  journal¬ 
ism  over  a  icicle  and  needy  field 


There  are  no  institutions 
of  learning  in  this  country 
that  reach  so  many  stu 
dents  and  at  the  same  time 
exert  so  wide  an  influence 
over  races,  nations,  and  re¬ 
ligions  as  do  these  mission 
colleges  and  seminaries. 
There  are  no  institutions  of 
their  size,  character,  and  im¬ 
portance  that  are  conducted 
at  so  little  comparative  ex¬ 
pense.  The  income  of  an 
endowment  required  by 
some  of  our  best  American 
universities  for  a  single  pro¬ 
fessorship  would  be  suffi¬ 
cient  to  meet  all  the  charges 
of  many  of  these  colleges 
and  theological  schools. 
Other  expenses  affecting 
the  cost  of  living  are  corre¬ 
spondingly  low. 


ENDOWMENT  NEEDED 

All  this  can  be  accomplished  only  through  endowments  in¬ 
vested  in  the  United  States  under  the  care  of  the  Prudential 
Committee,  or  of  separate  boards  of  trustees.  The  American 
Board  is  desirous  of  securing  adequate  endowments  for  each 
one  of  these  institutions  separately,  or  to  establish  a  fund  the 
annual  income  of  which  will  be  sufficient  to  provide  for  their 
necessities.  It  would  prefer  that  the  money  be  given  to  the 
Board  as  an  “endowment  for  its  higher  educational  work,” 
leaving  the  responsibility  to  the  Prudential  Committee  for  the 
distribution  of  this  income  among  the  various  institutions. 

[24] 


C O  MP AR A TIVE  OPPORT  UNIT Y 

In  the  face  of  these  facts  and  a  multitude  more  like  them 
that  might  be  given,  it  certainly  cannot  be  declared  visionary 
or  extravagant  that  the  American  Board  should  seek  for  an 
endowment  of  $2,000,000  for  nineteen  collegiate  and  fourteen 
theological  institutions  in  widely  remote  regions  of  the  earth, 
and  standing  at  centers  of  the  greatest  international,  educa¬ 
tional,  and  evangelistic  movement  of  the  century. 

PERMANENT 

These  institutions  have  passed  the  experimental  stage.  Each 
one  is  established  in  its  own  country  among  its  own  constitu¬ 
ency  as  a  permanent  part,  and  the  crown  of  the  Christian 
educational  work  of  the  churches  and  of  the  mission.  Some  of 
them  have  been  doing  magnificent  work  for  more  than  half  a 
century. 

North  China 
(  Union  ) 
Medical  College 
Peking 


NON-COMPETITIVE 

They  are  not  competing  with  similar  institutions  of  other 
denominations,  but  each  has  a  distinct  field  and  constituency 
of  its  own.  In  most  cases  they  furnish  the  only  opportunity 
offered  to  the  youth  of  their  territory  for  a  higher  Christian 

[  25  ] 


A  u  arsenal  of  defense  to  China  against  the  scourge  of  plague  in  1910 


education.  In  many  instances,  where  other  denominations 
are  near,  they  have  already  become  interdenominational  in 
character,  support,  and  control. 

RELATION  TO  NATIONAL  UPHEAVALS 

It  is  of  great  significance  that  after  constitutional  govern¬ 
ment  was  proclaimed  for  Turkey  in  the  summer  of  1908,  the 
leaders  of  that  movement  were  united  in  their  repeated  declara¬ 
tion  that  they  recognized  the  work  the  American  mission  col¬ 
leges  had  been  doing  in  that 
country  for  the  last  half  century 
as  the  necessary  foundation  and 
safeguard  of  a  constitutional 
form  of  government. 

The  same  facts  have  repeat¬ 
edly  come  to  light  in  China  dur¬ 
ing  the  struggle  for  the  over¬ 
throw  of  the  Manchu  throne  and 
the  erection  of  a  republican  form 
of  constitutional  government. 
The  leader  in  the  revolution, 
Dr.  Sun  Yat  Sen,  was  himself 
trained  in  a  mission  school,  and 
Yuan  Sliih  Kai  is  a  firm  be¬ 
liever  in  the  Western  learning 
carried  to  that  country  and  made 
indigenous  by  the  missionaries. 
Thousands  of  the  leaders  were 
trained  in  mission  schools. 

ALREADY  ACHIEVED 

In  October,  1907,  the  American  Board  took  action  favoring 
an  endowment  for  its  collegiate  and  theological  institutions  in 
the  East.  Upon  the  last  day  of  December  that  same  year,  the 
Prudential  Committee  appointed  a  special  sub-committee  for 
the  purpose  of  furthering  the  plan. 

It  is  gratifying  to  report  that  before  the  close  of  1911 
the  American  Board  had  received  $1,112,000  towards  the 
$2,000,000  endowment,  besides  $100,000  that  was  sent  directly 

[26] 


The 

Seismograph 
of  Asiatic 
Turkey 


Installed  at  Euphrates  College ,  Harpoot ; 
devised  and  constructed  by  Rev.  Harry  H. 
Riggs,  when  president  of  the  college  in 
1907 .  The  data  it  has  secured,  obtainable 
nowhere  else,  has  brought  the  college  to  the 
favorable  notice  of  scientific  men  in  many 


’•let  f\T  1  /)  /I 


in 


At  St.  Paul's  Institute,  Tarsus,  in  1910 

A  new  hall  has  since  been  built,  meeting  some  of  the  more  des¬ 
perate  needs  of  equipmen  t.  The  lowest  of  the  above  pictures  shows' 
the  students  drawing  stone  for  that  building  ;  the  two  above  it 
represent  “  our  best  classroom  ”  and  “  a  dormitory 


to  the  college  to  which  it  was  given,  $157,000  for  new  sites  and 
buildings,  and  $100,000  in  addition  pledged,  to  be  paid  when 
it  will  complete  the  $2,000,000  sought.  Thus  the  capital  of  the 
Higher  Educational  Work  of  the  Board  has  been  increased  in 
three  years,  by  direct  gifts  of  the  living,  $1,369,000,  with 
$100,000  yet  to  be  paid.  $1,000,000  of  this  sum,  named  “The 
D.  Willis  James  Foundation,”  was  provided  by  Mrs.  D.  Willis 
James  and  Arthur  Curtiss  James. 

It  is  of  supreme  importance  that  an  endowment  fund  that 
will  yield  at  least  $150,000  annually  be  secured.  The  limit  set 
four  years  ago  will  no  longer  suffice  with  the  rapidly  increas¬ 
ing  demands  in  Turkey  and  China.  While  special  emphasis  is 
here  placed  upon  the  imperative  need  of  endowments,  there  are 
other  necessities  which  are  hardly  less  urgent. 

OTHER  THAN  ENDOWMENTS 

Buildings  and  additions  to  the  plants  in  many  instances  are 
imperative.  The  phenomenal  growth  of  some  of  these  colleges 
demands  corresponding  expenditures  upon  new  accommoda¬ 
tions.  Some  of  the  immediate  and  pressing  demands  are  as 
follows: 

Collegiate  and  Theological  Institute,  Samokov ,  Bulgaria 


Administration  building .  $30,000 

Dormitory .  12,000 

Two  teachers’  residences .  8,000 

American  Collegiate  Institute  for  Girls,  Smyrna 

Administration  building .  $40,000 

Residences  for  teachers .  12,000 

Anatolia  College ,  Marsovan 

Theological  seminary  building,  additional,  $8,000 

Preparatory  department,  college .  15,000 

Dormitory,  college .  20,000 

Euphrates  College,  Harpoot 

Administration  building  and  library .  $30,000 

Dormitories .  14,000 

President’s  house  and  professors’ .  9,000 

Science  building .  12,000 

[  28  ] 


Central  Turkey  College ,  Aintab 

Preparatory  department .  $20,000 

Dormitory .  12,000 

President’s  house .  5,000 

S t.  Paul's  Institute,  Tarsus 

Central  building .  $18,000 

Theological  Seminary,  Mar  ash 

Central  building  and  library .  $12,000 

American  College,  Madura,  India 

Dormitory,  additional  .  $6,000 

Professor’s  house .  6,000 

Equipment  .  8,000 

Bangalore  Theological  Seminary,  Bangalore 

Professor’s  house .  $5,000 

Administration  building,  in  part .  10,000 

Foochow  College  (boys ),  Foochow,  China 

Addition  to  site .  $10,000 

Science  hall  and  equipment . . .  18,000 

Library  .  12,000 

North  China  Union  College,  Tang  chow 

Preparatory  department .  $20,000 

Doshisha ,  Kyoto,  Japan 

Administration  building  .  $30,000 

Colegio  Internacional,  Guadalajara ,  Mexico 

Professor’s  house .  $4,000 


Faculty  Avenue 
at  Tung cliow 


A  view  from  the  tower  of  the  North  China  (Union)  College 


[  20  ] 


The  contemplated  col¬ 
leges  at  Van  and  Mardin 
in  Turkey,  and  at  Taiku 
in  Shansi,  China,  will  re¬ 
quire  for  each  at  the  start 
an  average  expenditure 
for  sites  and  new  build¬ 
ings  of  about  $25,000. 
This  would  be  sufficient 
to  start  them  off  with  a 
fair  equipment.  The 
sums  named  above  will 
erect  and  equip  buildings 
for  their  respective  insti¬ 
tutions  which  in  this  coun¬ 
try  would  cost  from  five 
to  ten  times  as  much. 
With  the  four  hundred 
eighty-one  thousand  dol- 
lbstantial  and  satisfactory 
buildings  can  be  put  up  that  would  cost  in  the  United  States 
over  $3,000,000. 

FAR-REACHING  INFLUENCE 

For  bringing  to  bear  upon  non-Christian  nations  the  most 
lasting  influences  of  Christianity,  and  for  building  into  the  life 
of  those  nations  that  which  we  most  value  in  our  own  civiliza¬ 
tion,  these  institutions  hold  preeminent  positions. 

At  the  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Board  held  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio,  in  October,  1907,  the  following  action  was  taken: 
Resolved ,  That  we  urge  upon  laymen  of  means  the 
importance  of  endowment  for  our  collegiate  and 
theological  institutions  in  the  Fast,  upon  which  de¬ 
pends  so  fully  the  advance,  self-support,  and  self¬ 
propagation  of  the  direct  and  permanent  work  of 
evangelization. 

Any  of  the  officers  of  the  Board  or  member  of  the  Committee 
on  the  Higher  Educational  Work  would  be  glad  to  confer  with 
those  who  may  wish  to  make  further  inquiries  or  answer  any 
questions  that  may  be  asked. 

[30] 


A 

Magician' s 
Wand 
in  China 


lars  ($481,000)  called  for  here,  si 


A  FORM  FOR  LEGACIES 


I  give  and  bequeath  to  the  American  Board  of  Commission¬ 
ers  for  Foreign  Missions,  incorporated  in  Massachusetts  in 

1812,  $ - — - — -,  as  a  permanent  endowment  fund,  the 

income  only  to  be  used  for  the  support  and  conduct  of 
the  higher  educational  work  of  said  Board. 


A  RESIDUARY  BEQUEST 

I  give  and  bequeath  to  the  American  Board  of  Commission¬ 
ers  for  Foreign  Missions,  incorporated  in  Massachusetts  in 
1812,  all  the  rest  and  residue  of  my  estate,  both  real  and 
personal,  as  a  permanent  endowment  fund,  the  income  only  to 
be  used  for  the  support  and  conduct  of  the  higher  educational 
work  of  said  Board. 


ANOTHER  RESIDUARY  BEQUEST 

1  give  and  bequeath  to  the  American  Board  of  Commission¬ 
ers  for  Foreign  Missions,  incorporated  in  Massachusetts  in 
1812,  all  the  rest  and  residue  of  my  estate,  both  real  and 
personal,  for  the  higher  educational  work  of  the  Board,  to  be 
used  at  the  discretion  of  the  Prudential  Committee  of  said 
Board. 


[31] 


■ 


T.  Todd  Co:  Printers 


